Metronidazole Tablets BP 200mg

Product Description

Metronidazole Tablets BP 200mg is an antibiotic medication used to treat various bacterial and parasitic infections. It belongs to a class of drugs known as nitroimidazoles and is commonly prescribed for infections caused by anaerobic bacteria (bacteria that do not require oxygen to grow) and certain protozoa.

Key Details about Metronidazole 200mg Tablets:

Active Ingredient:

• Metronidazole (200 mg per tablet) is the active ingredient. It works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and parasites, preventing them from reproducing and spreading.

Common Uses:

Metronidazole is used to treat a variety of infections, including:

• Bacterial Infections:

  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) caused by anaerobic bacteria.
  • Abscesses, especially dental and liver abscesses.
  • Bacterial vaginosis (an imbalance in the vaginal bacteria).
  • Gastrointestinal infections like Clostridium difficile and Giardia infections.
  • Intra-abdominal infections, including those caused by Bacteroides species.
  • Endocarditis (heart valve infections).
  • Meningitis (infection of the brain's protective lining) caused by anaerobic bacteria.

• Protozoal Infections:

  • Amebiasis: An infection caused by the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica.
  • Giardiasis: An infection caused by the protozoan Giardia lamblia.
  • Trichomoniasis: A sexually transmitted infection caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis.

• Surgical Prophylaxis:

  • Used to prevent infections in surgeries involving the gastrointestinal tract or pelvic area due to its effectiveness against anaerobic bacteria.

Mechanism of Action:

Metronidazole works by entering the cells of bacteria or protozoa and interacting with their DNA, causing breaks in the DNA strands. This interferes with their ability to replicate and function properly, leading to their death. This mechanism makes it particularly effective against anaerobic bacteria and certain protozoal organisms.

Dosage:

The typical dosage for Metronidazole 200 mg tablets depends on the type and severity of the infection. The general guidelines are:

• For bacterial infections: The usual adult dose is 200-400 mg taken two to three times daily. For more severe infections, the dose may be higher.
• For protozoal infections (like giardiasis or trichomoniasis): The dose may vary, often ranging from 400 mg to 800 mg taken two to three times daily for 5 to 10 days.
• For surgical prophylaxis: A dose is often given before surgery, followed by additional doses depending on the procedure.

It's crucial to follow the exact dosing instructions provided by the healthcare provider to ensure the infection is treated effectively.

Side Effects:

While Metronidazole is generally well-tolerated, some patients may experience side effects. Common side effects include:

• Gastrointestinal symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or a metallic taste in the mouth.
• Headaches.
• Dizziness or lightheadedness.
• Stomach cramps.
• Dry mouth.
• Skin rashes.

Serious Side Effects (though rare):

• Severe allergic reactions: Difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, lips, or throat (which may be a sign of an allergic reaction).
• Neurological effects: Confusion, seizures, or peripheral neuropathy (numbness or tingling in the hands or feet).
• Liver problems: Yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, or persistent abdominal pain. Patients with liver conditions may need dose adjustments or close monitoring.
• Blood disorders: Rarely, metronidazole can affect blood cell counts, leading to conditions like leukopenia (low white blood cells), which can increase the risk of infection.

Precautions:

• Alcohol Interaction: Avoid alcohol during treatment with metronidazole and for at least 48 hours after finishing the medication. The combination can cause a severe reaction, including symptoms like flushing, nausea, vomiting, headache, and abdominal pain. This is known as the disulfiram-like reaction.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Metronidazole is generally considered safe during pregnancy, but it should only be used when the benefits outweigh the risks. It is classified as Category B by the FDA. For breastfeeding mothers, metronidazole can pass into breast milk, so a healthcare provider will determine if it™s safe to continue breastfeeding.
• Liver Impairment: Dosage adjustments may be needed for people with liver conditions. Regular liver function tests may be recommended during treatment.
• Neurological Conditions: Caution is advised in patients with seizure disorders or neuropathy, as metronidazole can cause neurological side effects in some people.

Drug Interactions:

• Alcohol: As mentioned, alcohol consumption should be avoided during and shortly after metronidazole use.
• Warfarin: Metronidazole can increase the effects of warfarin (an anticoagulant), raising the risk of bleeding. The dosage of warfarin may need to be adjusted while on metronidazole.
• Lithium: Co-administration with lithium (a mood stabilizer) can increase the risk of lithium toxicity.
• Other drugs affecting liver enzymes: Metronidazole can interact with other medications metabolized by the liver, including some antifungals, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants.

Storage:

• Room Temperature: Store the tablets at room temperature (20C to 25C / 68F to 77F) in a dry place, away from heat and moisture.
• Keep out of reach of children.

Conclusion:

Metronidazole 200 mg Tablets BP is an effective antibiotic for treating a wide range of bacterial and protozoal infections, including intestinal infections, trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis. It works by disrupting the DNA of microorganisms, preventing them from reproducing and causing illness. While generally safe, it is important to follow dosing instructions carefully, avoid alcohol, and consult your healthcare provider for proper use, especially if you have liver problems or are pregnant or breastfeeding.