Encicarb 1K Injection 20 ml

Product Description

Encicarb 1K Injection (20 ml) contains Carboplatin, which is a chemotherapy drug used to treat various types of cancer, including ovarian cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancers, and testicular cancer. Carboplatin is part of the platinum-based chemotherapy drugs, similar to cisplatin, but with a different side effect profile.

Indications

Encicarb (Carboplatin) is used to treat:

1. Ovarian Cancer: Often used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs to treat ovarian cancer.
2. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Used as part of a chemotherapy regimen for patients with lung cancer.
3. Head and Neck Cancers: Often used to treat cancers of the head and neck in combination with other chemotherapy or radiation treatments.
4. Testicular Cancer: Carboplatin may be used in treating testicular cancer, especially when the cancer has spread or relapsed.

Mechanism of Action

Carboplatin works by damaging the DNA in cancer cells. It is classified as a platinum-based chemotherapy drug, similar to cisplatin. Carboplatin forms cross-links between DNA strands, preventing the cancer cell from replicating and dividing. This results in the death of rapidly dividing cancer cells. Because cancer cells tend to divide faster than normal cells, the drug is particularly effective against tumors that grow quickly.

Dosage and Administration

• Typical Dosage:

  • For Ovarian Cancer: The dose is often calculated based on the patient's body surface area (BSA) and kidney function. Common regimens include 360-450 mg/m² given intravenously (IV) once every 3 to 4 weeks.
  • For Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and other cancers, dosages are also individualized, typically ranging between 300-600 mg/m² every 3-4 weeks.

• Renal Impairment: Dosage adjustments are required for patients with impaired kidney function as Carboplatin is primarily eliminated through the kidneys. Patients with kidney dysfunction may need a reduced dose to minimize side effects.

• Administration: Carboplatin is given as an intravenous (IV) infusion, typically over a period of 15-60 minutes. It is administered by a healthcare professional in a clinical setting, usually during a hospital visit or chemotherapy cycle.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Carboplatin (Encicarb) include:

• Nausea and vomiting: Common side effects that can be managed with anti-nausea medications.
• Bone marrow suppression: This can lead to low blood cell counts, which may cause anemia, infections, or bleeding. Regular blood tests are important to monitor these effects.
• Fatigue: Due to the effect of chemotherapy on the body's energy levels.
• Hair loss: Can occur, but may be temporary after treatment ends.
• Loss of appetite: Many patients may experience decreased appetite during treatment.
• Mouth sores: Irritation in the mouth or throat, leading to difficulty swallowing.

Serious side effects may include:

• Severe allergic reactions: Though rare, Carboplatin can cause allergic reactions such as difficulty breathing, rash, or swelling of the face and throat. Medical attention is needed immediately if this occurs.
• Kidney damage: While Carboplatin is less toxic to the kidneys compared to cisplatin, it can still cause kidney problems, particularly in patients with pre-existing kidney issues. Kidney function should be monitored closely.
• Hearing loss: High doses of Carboplatin can cause hearing loss, especially in patients who have received prior platinum-based chemotherapy.

Precautions and Warnings

• Kidney Function: Carboplatin is eliminated through the kidneys, and patients with kidney dysfunction may require lower doses to prevent kidney damage. Kidney function tests (such as serum creatinine) should be monitored before and during treatment.
• Bone Marrow Suppression: Because Carboplatin affects the bone marrow, blood counts (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) should be checked regularly. Neutropenia (low white blood cell count) can increase the risk of infections.
• Allergic Reactions: As with any chemotherapy drug, allergic reactions to Carboplatin are possible. Medical staff will observe for reactions during and after the infusion.
• Pregnancy: Carboplatin can cause harm to the fetus. It is categorized as a Category D drug, meaning it may cause birth defects or fetal harm. It should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefit outweighs the risks. Effective contraception is required during treatment.
• Breastfeeding: It is not recommended to breastfeed during chemotherapy treatment with Carboplatin, as the drug may pass into breast milk and harm the infant.

Important Considerations

• Hydration: Adequate hydration before treatment may be necessary to reduce the risk of kidney toxicity.
• Allergic Reactions: Patients should be monitored for signs of allergic reactions during the infusion. Premedication with antihistamines or corticosteroids may be given in some cases to prevent allergic reactions.
• Infection Risk: Due to its effect on white blood cells, Carboplatin increases the risk of infections. Patients should promptly report any signs of infection (fever, chills, sore throat, etc.).
• Regular Monitoring: Regular blood tests, kidney function tests, and hearing tests are recommended throughout the course of treatment to monitor for side effects.

Conclusion

Encicarb 1K Injection (20 ml) is a chemotherapy drug used to treat various types of cancer, including ovarian cancer, lung cancer, and head and neck cancers. It works by preventing the replication of cancer cells, which helps to reduce the size of tumors and limit the spread of cancer. While effective, Carboplatin can cause a range of side effects, including bone marrow suppression, nausea, and kidney damage, which need to be monitored closely during treatment.